Expressing Possession On this lesson you will learn to express possession in Spanish. There are two ways to show ownership in Spanish. 1) Use a “de” construction The preposition de is the equivalent of the English 's. Use this formula – article + noun + de + owner Examples: El libro de Maria (lit: the book of Maria) Los hermanos de Paco (lit: the brothers of Paco) ¿De quién es el libro? Whose book is it? El libro es de Avah. The book is Avah’s ¿De quién es el libro? Whose book is it? El libro es del Sr. Smith The book is Mr. Smith’s. Note: El libro es del Sr. Smith. (de + el = del) When the owner is two or more people, use de quiénes (pl. form). Examples: ¿ De quiénes son las mochilas? (Response must be plural) (Las mochilas) Son de los estudiantes. ¿De quiénes son los libros rojos? (Response must be plural) (Los libros rojos) Son de Ana y Maite. 2) Use possessive adjectives Possessive adjectives: are words that are used to show who or what owns something without mentioning his or her name.
The possessive adjective's form (masculine/feminine, singular/plural) will change according to the gender/number of the THING BEING OWNED. Ex: If what you are owning is feminine and singular, you will choose nuestra. our mom = nuestra madre More Examples: mi padre (my) mis padres (my) tu padre(you) tus padres (your) nuestro padre(our) nuestra madre nuestros amigos nuestras amigas vuestro padre(your) vuestra madre vuestros amigos vuestros amigos su(s) madre (s) (his, her, your, its and their)
Examples: sus amigos los amigos de ella/el (his/her friends) los amigos de Ud./Uds. (your friends) los amigos de ellas/ellos (their friends)
Mi familia no es grande.
Mi perrita Tibbi es muy bonita y sociable . A ella le gusta jugar en el jardin y le encanta dormir. These videos explain possessive adjectives. Video created by Sr. Jordan Práctica #1 Directions:
Ex: hermana Mi hermana menor
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El verbo tener/to have The verb “tener" is an irregular verb so, you must memorize the conjugations. The endings are the same as those of regular -er and -ir verbs in the present tense. Except for the YO form, which is iregular: yo tengo First, let's learn or review the conjugations of tener (to have):
USES: 1) To express -One's Age In Spanish, the verb tener is used to express a person's age and NOT the verb to be. ¿Cuántos años tienes? How old are you? To answer follow this formula: (tener)+ (number)+ (años) Tengo catorce años. I am 14 years old. ¿Cuántos años tiene tu madre? How old is your mother? Ella tiene 40 años. More Exemples 2) Spanish Expressions That Use Tener To express certain idiomatic expressions in Spanish, use the verb tener and NOT the verb to be. Here you can find further explanations
More expressions with the verb tener:
To talk about things someone has to do, you can use two phrases that express obligation tener que + infinitive and hay que + infinitive. Learn the formula below: Tener + que+ Infinitive: 'have to'+ infinitive +obligation Examples Tengo que estudiar biologia. I have to study biology. Tenemos que leer todos los dias. We have to read every day. 4) Expressing hair and eye color To express hair an eye color conjugate the verb tener to match the subject. Follow these formulas: tener+ el pelo+ color Tengo el pelo negro. tener + los ojos + color Tienen los ojos verbes. Remember the adjective form (masculine/feminine, singular/plural) will change according to the gender/number of the THING BEING DESCRIBE. More examples 5) To express family relationships To talk about family members use the verb tener.
Práctica 1) Verb Conjugation race Use this activity to practice regular and irregular verbs in a fun, competitive way. The only requirement is that students know a variety of verbs, regular and irregular. Directions:
Materials: individual white boards or scrap sheets of paper, a list of verbs to be conjugated 2)To practice how to express obligation. Copy these sentences and translate them into English:
This video explains uses of the verb tener. Video created by
El verbo ir/ the verb to go
We will learn to conjugate and use another irregular verb. The verb to go/ir can be use for announcing where you are going to or what you are going to do (near future). First, let's review the conjugations of the verb ir.
Más apuntes
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Lets review what we learned:
1) Where to? When do you use ¿Adónde? or ¿Dónde? ¿Dónde? Where? ¿Adónde? To where?
¿Adónde vamos mañana? (to)Where are you going tomorrow? Mañana vamos a la fiesta. ¿Adónde vas? Where are you going to? Voy a casa. I am going home.
2) IR+A+INFINITIVE- TO EXPRESS NEAR FUTURE
We will continue to practice the verb to go to express a future action, that is, what someone is going to do (near future). The construction ir +a + infinitive is the English equivalent to be going to + infinitive.
Note: We never conjugate both verbs when expressing the near future.
3) contractions The verb to go/ir is often used with the preposition a (to). When the preposition a is followed by the definitive article el, they combine to form the contraction al. As you can see on the examples below.
Here is a good visual
La Canción de Ir - Gisela Galván-Ríos - Spanish Grammar
Práctica 1) Everyone in your neighborhood is going off to various places. Say where they are going. (ir+a+infinitive) a+el =al
a) Use different subjects in your sentences (yo, mis amigos y yo, nosotros, etc.,)
comer dormir comprar trabajar estudiar escuchar música mirar cocinar viajar hablar escribir practicar deportes Also the song by Marc Anthony Voy a vivir.
STEM-CHANGERS: E >IE & E >I
We already saw that many verbs in Spanish change their stem vowel when conjugated. There is a third and fourth-kind of stem-changing verb, such as preferir (to prefer). In these verbs the second vowel in the stem changes from e to ie in the present tense or e to i. Do you know the parts of a verb? Define:
What are their (-ar, -er and -ir) endings?
LETS REVIEW
In the present tense, there are four groups of stem-changing verbs: e> ie e> i o> ue (u>ue) jugar (to play a sport) is the only Spanish verb that has a u>ue stem change. Jugar is followed by a +definite article when the name of sport or game is mentioned. jugar - to play a sport / a board game Vocabulary ajedrez – chess el básquetbol – basketball el béisbol – baseball el fútbol – soccer el fútbol americano – [american] football el golf – golf el tenis – tennis el voleibol – volleyball las cartas – cards las damas– checkers los videojuegos – video games EX: ¿Jugamos al fútbol? ¿Te gusta jugar al tenis? Remember that the second vowel changes when the verb has two vowels For example in the verb preferir, the second e stem-changes to ie Stem-changes occur in all conjugations except nosotros and vosotros. Stem-changing verbs are called "boot verbs" because of the shape you can draw around the conjugated verbs; excluding nosotros and vosotros. Here are some samples of E >IE stem-changing verbs: cerrar--to close empezar--to begin entender--to understand merendar--to have a snack nevar--to snow querer--to want pensar--to think perder--to lose preferir--to prefer Good visual below
Stem-Changing Verbs: E >I
Note: some stem-changers are irregular in “YO” form.
Here is another example of e to i
Examples of some E >I stem-changing verbs:
decir--to say; to tell (also is irregular in the "yo" form) pedir--to ask for; to order repetir--to repeat seguir--to follow servir--to serve Práctica: Hangman #2--O to UE Stem-Changing Verbs Variety of Games #1-- O to UE Flashcards, Matching, Concentration, & Wordsearch Variety of Games #2--E to I Flashcards, Matching, Concentration, & Wordsearch Column Match #1--Stem-Changing Verbs Challenge Board #2--O to UE, E to I, & E to IE Stem-Changing Verbs Challenge Board #3--Stem-Changing Verbs Variety of Games #3--Stem-Changing Verbs Rags to Riches #1--Stem-Changing Verbs Challenge Board #4--Stem-Changing Verbs Variety of Games #4--Flashcards, Matching, Concentration, & Wordsearch Variety of Games #5--Flashcards, Matching, Concentration, & Wordsearch Variety of Games #6--Flashcards, Matching, Concentration, & Wordsearch
¿Qué prefieres comer para el desayuno? Justin Bieber Version
Stem-Changers or Shoe Verbs
Stem-changers or shoe verbs change more than just the endings when you conjugate them. In stem-changing verbs, the vowel of the STEM changes when the verb is conjugated. Stem-Changers: O > UE
In the present tense, there are four groups of stem-changing verbs:
Group #1: e> ie Group #2: o>ue Group #3: e> i Group #4 u>ue
Actividades con jugar:
ajedrez – chess el básquetbol – basketball el béisbol – baseball el fútbol – soccer el fútbol americano – [american] football el golf – golf el tenis – tennis el voleibol – volleyball las cartas – cards las damas– checkers los videojuegos – video games EX: ¿Jugamos al fútbol? ¿Te gusta jugar al tenis? NO OLVIDEN
Present Tense - O-UE Stem-changing verbs
This video explains how to conjugate O to UE stem-changing verbs.
-Verbos:
Poder - to be able, can Volver- to return Devolver - to return Volar- to fly Sonar - to sound, ring Soñar- to dream Morder - to bite Morir - to die Rogar - to beg, pray Almorzar - to eat lunch Mostrar - to show Mover - to move Aprobar- to approve Colgar - to hang up Contar - to count Probar - to test, prove,sample, try on Recordar - to remember Costar - to cost Práctica Actividad #1 Actividad #2 Actividad #3
A song sung to the tune of Adele's "Someone Like You" teaching about Stem-Changers.
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