La hora On this lesson you will learn to tell time is Spanish. Telling time in Spanish is easy, when you take it step by step. ¿Qué hora es?
Es la una y media It’s 1:30 Son las dos y diez It’s 2:10 Son las tres menos diez It’s 10 ‘till three Es mediodia. It’s noon Es medianoche. It’s midnight. Follow this formula for time might look like this: (Es/son) + (la/las) + (hour) + (y/menos) + (minutes) + (time of day) In Spanish the verb “Ser” is used to express time. 1) Use “es” for one o’clock, noon, and midnight. Use “son” for any other time. Examples: Son las cinco. It’s five o’clock Son las once. It’s eleven o’clock. Es la una. It’s one o’clock Es mediodía. It’s noon Es medianoche. It’s midnight. 2) The feminine article (la, las) is used before the hour because it refers to "la hora." Es la una. It's one o'clock. Son las dos. It's two o'clock. 3) Minutes can be added to the hour using the word y (and). Es la una y cinco. It's five minutes past one. (it’s 1:05) Son las tres y doce. It's twelve minutes past three. (It’s 3:12) 4) Minutes can be subtracted from the hour using the word menos (less). Es la una menos cinco. It's five minutes till one. (12:55) Son las tres menos doce. It's twelve minutes till three. (2:48) 5) You can also use the words media (half) and cuarto (quarter). Es la una y media. It's half past one or 1:30. Son las dos y cuarto. It's quarter past two or 2:15. Son las tres menos cuarto. It's quarter till three or 2:45. 6) To differentiate between a.m. and p.m. use the expressions de la mañana, de la tarde and de la noche. In Spanish, we do not use am. or p.m. You must write it out! Son las dos de la tarde. It's two in the afternoon. Son las dos de la mañana. It's two in the morning. Son las diez de la noche. It's ten in the evening. Here is a great review created by Spanish411 Interactive Online Activities
¿Qué hora es? -Quia 1 ¿Qué hora es?- Quia 2 What time is it? My Spanish Games
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Los números en español: 1-100 In this lesson you will learn to count 0-100 in Spanish. STEP 1: Numbers 1-29 First, lets look at the cardinal numbers. Números 15-29 15 quince 16 dieciséis (or diez y seis) 17 diecisiete (diez y siete) 18 dieciocho (diez y ocho) 19 diecinueve (diez y nueve) 20 veinte 21 veintiuno (or veinte y uno) 22 veintidós (veinte y dos) 23 veintitrés (veinte y tres) 24 veinticuatro (veinte y cuatro) 25 veinticinco (veinte y cinco) 26 veintiséis (veinte y seis) 27 veintisiete (veinte y siete) 28 veintiocho (veinte y ocho) 29 veintinueve (veinte y nueve) 30 treinta As you can see above there are two ways of writing numbers 16-19 and 21-29 however most text books don't teach both forms. STEP 2: Numbers 30-100 The next step is to learn to count by 10s until you get to 100. treinta -30 cuarenta-40 cincuenta-50 sesenta-60 setenta-70 ochenta-80 noventa-90 They are form by the tens followed by the conjunction "y" and the number in Spanish For example: 41 = Cuarenta (the tens) y (conjunction) uno (the unit) 41=cuarenta y uno 42=cuarenta y dos 43=cuarenta y tres 44=cuarenta y cuatro 45=cuarenta y cinco 46=cuarenta y seis
They are also used when the numbers follow a noun, even if the noun is feminine . Example: La lección uno
Counting to 100 in Spanish Counting: The Cardinal Numbers_ More interactive online activities
Numbers Labeling in Spanish Numbers 1-100 - Quia Listen and match the numbers Numbers El Calendario On this lesson you will learn the days of the week, months of the year, and seasons. Also, we will learn la fecha y los cumpleaños in the Spanish speaking world.
Los días: lunes, martes, miércoles, jueves, viernes, sábado, domingo. Los meses: enero, febrero, marzo, abril, mayo, junio, julio, agosto, septiembre, octubre, noviembre, diciembre. Las estaciones: la primavera, el verano, el otoño, el invierno. La fecha: ¿Qué fecha es hoy? Hoy es.... ¿Qué día es hoy? Hoy es.. ¿Qué día es mañana? Mañana es.... ¿Qué día fue ayer? Ayer fue... ¿Qué mes es? Es .. ¿Qué estación es? Es el/la ... ¿Cuándo es tu cumpleaños? Mi cumpleaños es.... ¿Cuál es tu día favorito? Mi día favorito es... ¿Cuál es tu mes favorito? Mi mes favorito es... ¿Cuál es tu estación favorita? Mi estación favorita es... Los días de la Semana Los meses del año Las estaciones del año La fecha y los cumpleaños La fecha: ¿Cuál es la fecha de hoy? What is today's date? The Spanish way is to write the day + month + year. This is different from the American way (month + day + year). Formula: Es+ el +day +number + de +month + de + year Examples:
Example: Hoy es el primero de enero del 2015. Mi cumpleaños es el primero de agosto.
4 / 7 / 2015 or 4 . 7 . 2015
El viernes tengo una prueba. On Friday I have a quiz.
Los martes y los jueves tengo que leccion de piano. On Tuesdays and Thursdays I have piano lesson Los cumpleaños: ¿Cuándo es tu cumpleaños? When is your birthday?
Las Mañanitas is a traditional Mexican song that is sung on birthdays and other important holidays including el día de tu santo (saint day). If you want to learn more click here or to see the lyrics in English and Spanish. El día de tu santo… Hispanic people are often named after a Catholic saint they often celebrate 2 “birthdays” su cumpleaños-date of birth ¡Feliz cumpleaños! el día de su santo –saint day ¡Feliz día de tu santo! Let's put it all together En sus cuadernos interactivos van a crear un calendario donde incluyan:
The verb gustar
Today you will learn to express what you like and don’t like. On this lesson you will learn more about gustar and other similar verbs. The forms of gustar are similar to the third person (singular/plural) form of regular -ar verbs in the present tense. Good PPT The verb Gustar
1) To say a person likes something, or that something is pleasing to them use the following phrases:
Me gusta… / Me gustan… I like Te gusta… / Te gustan… You like Le gusta… / Le gustan… He/She/You (formal) like(s) Nos gusta… / Nos gustan… We like Os gusta…/Os gustan… You like (Spain) Les gusta… / Les gustan… They/ You pl. like Use "gusta" for one item and "gustan" for more than one. Examples: Me gusta la computadora. Me gustan los parques. 2) For added emphasis or clarification Use the following phrases. Singular Me = a mí Te = a ti Le = a él a ella a Ud. (a Pedro) (a Maite) (a tu hermano) Plural Nos = a nosotros Os = a vosotros Les = a ellos a ellas a Uds. (a Roberto y a Timoteo) (a Maite y a Carmen) (a mis amigos) Examples: A mí me gusta la computadora. A Jasmine y Timoteo les gustan los parques. 3) There are more verbs like gustar. Aburrir = to bore Me aburre la película. The movie bores me./ The movie is boring to me. Interesar = to interest ¿Te interesa la película? Does the movie interest you?/ Is the movie interesting to you? More verbs like gustar encantar -to like very much; to love faltar- to lack; to need molestar- to bother; to annoy importar- to matter; to be important quedar- to fit (clothing); to be left over interesar- to interest; to be interesting fascinar- to like very much; to fascinate 4) Asking and answering questions with gustar and similar verbs
¿Te gusta(n) los libros? Do you like books? Sí, me gusta(n) los libros. Yes, I like books No, no me gusta(n) los libros. No, I don’t like books. Note: the double "no" is only when answering yes or no questions.
Me gusta + infinitive I like to ____. Examples: Me gusta leer revistas. I like to read magazines. ¿Qué te gusta? What do you like? Me gusta(n) ______ I like ______ Examples: Me gustan los perros. Me gusta comer tacos. ¿Qué te gusta + infinitive? What do you like to ________? Example: ¿Qué te gusta comer/ leer/ escribir? What do you like to eat/read/ write?
Which do you like more __ or ___. Me gusta(n) más _________. I like ________ more. No me gusta(n) ni _____ ni _____. I don’t like (either) _____ or _______. Examples: ¿Qué te gusta más ver la tele o leer? Me gusta más leer. Or No me gusta ni ver la tele ni leer. ¿Qué te gustan más los perros o los gatos? Me gustan más los perros. Or No me gustan ni los perros ni los gatos. 5) Agreeing with someone A mí también. Me too. A mí tampoco. Me neither. Examples: Ana: Me gusta hablar en español. Daniel: A mí también. Ana: No me gustan nada los refrescos. Daniel: ¡A mí tampoco! This chart created by Sr. Jordan can help Vocabulario: ¿Qué te gusta? What do you like? (A ti) Te gusta _____. You like __. (A mí) Me gusta _______. I like __. (A mí) No me gusta ______. I don’t like __. ¿Qué te gusta hacer? What do you like to do? ¿(A ti) Te gusta _______? Do you like _? (A mí) Me gusta _______. I like Me gusta mucho ______. I like _ a lot. ¿Qué te gusta más, _____ o _____? Which do you like more/prefer, _ or _? me gusta más ________. I like _ more. / I prefer _. pero – but también – also, too a mí también – me too (meaning “I like it too”) (A mí) No me gusta _____. I don’t like _. No me gusta mucho ______. I don’t like _ much. No me gusta nada _____. I don’t like _ at all. No me gusta ni _____ ni _____. I don’t like _ or _. Ni… ni… Neither… nor… tampoco neither / either a mí tampoco me neither (meaning “I don’t like it either”) ¿y a ti? and you? Here is a review video created by SpanishDict
Ahora a practicar
1) Make a list in English& Spanish of 6 things you like to do and 6 things you don't like to do. Then, ADD pictures to correspond to each activity and write a caption in Spanish. You may draw or cut-out pictures from magazines to express your likes and dislikes. 2)You are going to record yourself expressing what you and other like/do not like. Use Vocaroo to record yourself. Present tense of ser In this lesson we will learn to conjugate and use the verb ser/to be in the present tense. But let’s review a little first. IMPORTANT VOCABULARY TERMS: Verb – A word that represents an action or a state of being. Infinitive - the simple or basic form of the verb, the unchanged verb with the –ar, -er, or –ir still attached to the end of the word. Generally means “to do something” ex: hablar – to speak Subject – the person doing the action. Subject pronouns – Words that replace the person’s name and used as the subject of a noun, in English: I, you, he, she, we, they, you all. In Spanish: yo, tú, él, ella, Ud., nosotros(as), vosotros(as), ellos, ellas, Uds. Conjugate – changing the verb to match the subject. Conjugations – the forms of the verb after it has been conjugated or changed to match the subjects. Examples : Hablar (to speak) is an -ar verb because it ends in –ar. Comer (to eat) is an -er verb because it ends in –er. Vivir (to live) is an –ir verb because it ends in –ir. It’s that easy! Remember in order to conjugate verbs, you must learn (know) all subject pronouns. Subject pronouns or names determine who is being addressed or talked about. Here is a good chart created by Spanish411.net: The present tense of ser In English the verb “to be” is irregular. It conjugates like this: I am We are You are He/ she/ it is They/You all are In Spanish the verb “ser” means “to be.” It is irregular too. Irregular verbs don't follow the regular patterns that regular verbs follow. Which means that you have to memorize the forms and their meanings. The conjugations are: USES OF SER Ser is used in Spanish in the following situations. This acronym will help you to remember when to use the verb ser in Spanish. You’ve already been using it! Remember what you learned in Spanish I. Date- Hoy es miércoles. Origin-¿De dónde eres tú? Soy de Sanford. Soy americano (estadounidense). Occupation- Ana es estudiante. Description- Ella es bonita y es cómica. To Identify- ¿Qué es? Es la mochila de Ana. ¿ Quién es? Ella es mi mejor amiga. More rules.... The hour- ¿Qué hora es? Son las once de la noche. Religious or political affiliation-¿Son católicos? ¿Es el gobierno socialista? Possession- ¿De quién es la mochila? La mochila es de Mirna. Relationship of one person to another- ¿Quién es ella? Ella es mi hermana menor. Certain impersonal expressions-Es importante practicar todos los dias. Where an event is taking place- ¿Dónde es la fiesta? Es en mi casa. Essential qualities-Mirna es una mujer sincera. The material something is made of-¿De qué material es el pupitre? Es de madera How to use the ver SER Present Tense -Ser video created by Sr. Jordan Práctica
Group Work
You will practice the verb “ser” with the following activities. Create a Google Doc, practice, when finished, take a screenshot of your results and copy/paste to document.
Actividad Dos Actividad Tres Actividad Cuatro Actividad Cinco Adjectives and Subject Agreement On this lesson you will learn how adjectives changed based on what they are describing. In Spanish, adjectives have two specific rules that are very different from English: 1) Adjectives must agree with the gender and the number of the noun they describe. 2) Adjectives are generally placed after the noun. Adjectives-adjetivos What are adjectives? Adjective – a word that describes a noun or distinguishes it from a group of other nouns. Adjective Agreement 1) Adjectives that ends in an “o” have four forms: masculine, feminine, singular and plural. Use these chart to help: Let’s look at the word for “short” Singular Plural bajo- masculine bajos-masculine baja-feminine bajas-feminine 2) The article, noun, and adjective must match in gender and number. Examples: The short boy = el chico bajo The short girl = la chica baja The short boys = los chicos bajos The short girls = las chicas bajas 3) Adjectives that end in an “e” or a consonant have two forms: singular and plural. Singular popular -masculine/feminine el chico popular-masculine la chica popular- feminine el chico inteligente- masculine la chica inteligente- feminine Plural populares -masculine/feminine (pl.) los chicos populares-masculine plural las chicas populares-feminine plural los chicos inteligentes- masculine or mix group(pl.) las chicas inteligentes-feminine (pl.) Gender/Number We learned that all Spanish adjectives have four forms: masculine, singular; feminine, singular; masculine, plural; and feminine plural. The following are the rules for creating each form: 1) Masculine singular: generally, you will be given the masculine, singular form of an adjective in the dictionary, so you make no changes. Examples: alto-tall listo-smart/ready 2) Feminine singular: In order to make a masculine adjective feminine, you simply drop the “o” and add an "a." Examples: alta-tall lista-smart/ready 3) Masculine and Feminine plural: you will add an "s" to the end of your masculine or feminine singular form, when it ends in a vowel (a,e,i,o or u). Examples: Singular The intelligent girl= la chica lista The intelligent boy= el chico listo Plural The intelligent girls= las chicas listas The intelligent boys= los chicos listos 4)Masculine and feminine plural: Adjectives that end in “e” or a consonant have only two forms. They only agree in number (singular/plural) with the nouns they modify. Examples: Singular The intelligent boy = el muchacho inteligente The intelligent girl = la muchacha inteligente Plural The intelligent boys = los muchachos inteligentes The intelligent girls = las muchachas inteligentes Singular The popular boy = el chico popular The popular girl = la chica popular Plural The popular boys = los chicos populares The popular girls = las chicas populares 5) Masculine and feminine plural: Adjectives that end in –z change the –z to –c, then add –es Examples: feliz > felices Singular el chico feliz=the happy boy la chica feliz=the happy girl Plural los chicos felices = the happy boys las chicas felices = the happy girls 6) Masculine and feminine plural: Adjectives that end in -ista ONLY agree in number with the nouns they modify. Singular Mirna es realista. (singular) Timoteo es idealista. (singular) Plural Ellos son realistas. (pl.) Ellos son optimistas.(pl.) Remember if an adjective ends in a vowel, simply add an “s” to make if plural. If it ends in a consonant, you add an “es”. Placement In English an adjective comes before the word it is describing and has one form. Examples: the red car -Before car the red cars- it has the same form even though there are more cars 1) The general rule for adjective placement in Spanish is the opposite of English, meaning that adjectives will normally go after the noun. Examples: a blue car = un carro azul a tall girl= una chica alta a tall boy=un chico alto some tall students=unos chicos altos 2) Adjectives of quantity are placed before the modified noun. Examples: Hay muchos estudiantes en la clase. There are a lot of students in the classroom. Hay dos estudiantes. There are two students. This video explains adjectives in Spanish This adjective chart is a great review Gender/Number We learned that all Spanish adjectives have four forms: masculine, singular; feminine, singular; masculine, plural; and feminine plural. Here is a good example Interactive Online Activities
Nouns and Articles A noun is a word used to identify places, things, animals and people. In Spanish nouns have gender; they are considered either masculine or feminine. They also, have number which means that they are either singular (one) or plural (more than one).
Spanish has four forms of indefinite articles: Un/una/unos/unas.
una = singular (feminine) unos = plural (masculine) unas=plural (feminine) Examples: a dog = un perro a girl= una chica some dogs= unos perros some girls=unas chicas Definite articles Spanish has four forms of definite articles. You use definite articles to refer to specific nouns.
la = singular (feminine) los = plural (masculine) las=plural (feminine) Examples: el libro=the book la computadora=the computer los libros=the books las computadoras=the computers Quick review: This video explains gender rules and articles in Spanish. This video explains, how to use masculine and feminine nouns in Spanish. Gender of Nouns In Spanish nouns have gender and they must agree in gender and number (singular or plural) with the article. Common rules: 1) Nouns ending in –o or –or are masculine
Generally, you can make a masculine noun feminine by replacing the “o” with an "a," but there are a few exceptions:
Changing the number of nouns All nouns in Spanish also have a number, singular or plural (it is the same in English). It is rather easy to make singular nouns plural.
el chico > los chicos un chico > unos chicos When changing your article, make sure you pay attention to whether the article was definite or indefinite.
la nacionalidad > las nacionalidades
el lápiz > los lápices
This video explains nouns in Spanish Video created by spanishisyouramigo Activity #1:
One-Pager of Articles and Nouns You learned about gender of articles and nouns in Spanish and took notes (APUNTES) on your Interactive Notebook. So today you will process these grammar concepts by creating a ONE-Pager.
Explanation: what is gender? Explanation part 2 More explanations More explanations Present tense: -er and -ir verbs/El presente de verbos –er e –ir On this lesson you will learn to conjugate and use –er and –ir verbs in the present tense. Do you remember the following terms? VERB: A verb is an action word. INFINITIVE: The main form of a verb is called the infinitive. In English, infinitives include the word "to." THE FUNDAMENTAL PARTS OF THE VERB: HABLAR INFINITIVE: HABLAR STEM: HABL ENDING: AR Let's review –ar verbs by conjugating the following verbs. Give the correct form of the verb and the meaning in English. 1. María/bailar EX. María baila/ María dances 2. Avah y yo/hablar 3. Ana y Julissa/cantar 4. La muchacha guapa/practicar 5. Los estudiantes/usar 6. Mi padre/trabajar 7. Patricio y Tariq/estudiar 8. Mis amigos/explicar 9. Tú y tú/enseñar 10. Yo/hablar Do you recall from a previous lesson that infinitives are the base form of the verb, equivalent in English to: to speak, to eat, to live, etc. Also, in Spanish, all infinitives end in -ar, -er, or -ir. -ar verb: hablar (to speak) -er verb: comer (to eat) -ir verb: vivir (to live) How to conjugate -er and -ir verbs in the present tense: STEP 1: Learn the new endings below STEP 2: Conjugate= change the verb to agree with the subject
Common -er and -ir
escribir: to write leer: to read beber: to drink comprender: to understand comer: to eat vivir: to live recibir: to receive describir: to describe decidir: to decide STEP 3: Practice (Ahora a practicar) 1) Cuaderno Interactivo -acordéon Directions: Fold paper, accordion-fashion, in three-inch strips so that all sections are equal. The number of folds in the paper determines the number of column in the chain. On the top piece of the folded paper, write the conjugation (-ar verbs). Open up the paper and you will have a chain of several folds or columns. Then, number the folds you should have four. 1. Cover: -ER & IR CONJUGATIONS 2. Back of cover (page 1) write all –er endings 3. Page 2 choose one –er verb from the vocabulary list and draw an image to represent the verb. Then, conjugate the verb in all forms. You must give all subject pronouns in order too. 4. Back of page 2 (page 3) write all –ir endings 5. Page 4 choose one –ir verb from the vocabulary list and draw an image to represent the verb. Then, conjugate the verb in all forms. You must give all subject pronouns in order too. 6. Color 2) Conjuguemos.com This site will give you the verb and the subject pronoun and you must conjugate the verb appropriately. Directions:
Present tense: -ar verbs In this lesson we will learn to conjugate regular –ar verbs. But let’s review a little first. All Spanish verbs fit into one of three categories: -ar, -er, or -ir verbs. IMPORTANT VOCABULARY TERMS: Verb – A word that represents an action or a state of being. Infinitive - the simple or basic form of the verb, the unchanged verb with the –ar, -er, or –ir still attached to the end of the word. Generally means “to do something” ex: hablar – to speak Subject – the person doing the action Subject pronouns – Words that replace the person’s name and used as the subject of a noun, in English: I, you, he, she, we, they, you all. In Spanish: yo, tú, él, ella, Ud., nosotros(as), vosotros(as),ellos, ellas, Uds. Conjugate – changing the verb to match the subject. Conjugations – the forms of the verb after it has been conjugated or changed to match the subjects Examples : Hablar (to speak) is an -ar verb because it ends in –ar. Comer (to eat) is an -er verb because it ends in –er. Vivir (to live) is an –ir verb because it ends in –ir. It’s that easy! THE FUNDAMENTAL PARTS OF THE VERB: THE INFINITIVE: The basic, not conjugated form of the verb. Example: estudiar (to study) THE ENDING: The last two letters of the infinitive. Example: estudiar THE STEM: What is left after taking, the ending from the infinitive. Example: estudi STEP 1: Learn subject pronouns STEP 2: Learn terms and how to conjugate in English
In Spanish, we must change the verb to agree with the subject. There are two easy steps to conjugating:
Here they are again Example: tomar-to take/to drink Common -ar verbs •Hablar – to speak usar – to use or wear •Buscar – to look for llevar – to take, to carry, to wear •Mirar – to look at desear – to desire, to want •Necesitar – to need trabajar- to work •Comprar – to buy calzar – to wear (shoes) •Pagar – to pay estudiar – to study STEP 4: Practice Conjuguemos: Conjugation Practice site This site will give you the verb and the subject pronoun and you must conjugate the verb appropriately. Directions:
Present Tense -AR Verbs Made Easy with a Song in Spanish! Created by Sr. Jordan Subject Pronouns- Pronombres Personales In Spanish, as well as in English, we use subject pronouns and they are words that play the role of the subject in a sentence or question.
Formal you- "Usted" is formal and is generally used to express respect or to address a person with whom you have a distant relationship such as a professor, coworkers, a person older than you. Informal or Familiar you- "Tú" is familiar and is used among friends, family members, or when addressing a child you know well. You can also use informal tú when addressing a pet. Examples: Yes, in Spanish, we have four forms of "you": usted = you formal tú = you informal (familiar) ustedes=you pl. formal (you-all formal) vosotros (as)=you pl. informal (you-all familiar) NOTE:
Here's the complete list of Spanish subject pronouns: Singular yo - I tú - you (familiar) él - he ella - she usted - you (formal) Plural nosotros - we (masculine or mixed gender) nosotras - we (feminine) vosotros - you-all (familiar, Spain, masculine or mixed gender) vosotras - you-all (familiar, Spain, feminine) ellos - they (masculine or mixed gender) ellas - they (feminine) ustedes - you-all (formal in Spain, formal and familiar in Latin America) Practica: Create your own Subject Pronoun poster for your Interactive Notebook Students practice identifying the persons as well as the Spanish subject pronouns. Directions:
This song will help you to learn Spanish subject pronouns This video is a great review-Personal Pronouns This video explains tú vs usted |
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